Water Way / EKA Sisearhitektuur


© Tõnu Tunnel

© Tõnu Tunnel


© Tõnu Tunnel


© Tõnu Tunnel


© Tõnu Tunnel


© Tõnu Tunnel

  • Architects: EKA Sisearhitektuur
  • Location: Riisa Rabarada, 86815 Pärnu maakond, Estonia
  • Architect In Charge: Sami Rintala (Finland), Pavle Stamenovic (Serbia), b210 architects (Estonia), Hannes Praks (Estonia)
  • Organization: Summer School organised by Estonian Academy of Arts Interior Architecture department (EKA Sisearhitektuur)
  • Area: 14.44 sqm
  • Project Year: 2016
  • Photographs: Tõnu Tunnel
  • Students Participating In The Wilderness Summer School: Alden Jõgisuu, Andrea Tamm, Andres Mutis, Berglind Erna Tryggvadóttir, Brigita Kasperaitè, Dan Theman Docherty, Finlay Barge, Gabriel Müller, Gerda Kaasik, Kadri Erdel, Kristiina Veinberg, Laura Müürsepp, Siim Karro, Stefano Prevosti, Triin Mänd, Tuva Ina Sofia Björk

© Tõnu Tunnel

© Tõnu Tunnel

Floating structure Veetee (Water Way) was created in 2016 during a ten-day summer school titled 5th Season: Wilderness, organised by Estonian Academy of Arts interior architecture department and bringing together students from Estonia, Iceland, Denmark, Latvia, Lithuania, etc. With its biggest wetlands in Estonia and changing water levels, Soomaa was the inspiration for creating a structure that could inhabit different functions: a shelter, a fireplace to meet the needs of a traveller or a local, either by land or by a boat. Floating was conceived as a way to adapt to the ever changing conditions of the Soomaa context, especially the extensive flooding of the so-called “5th season”, which happens in the area every year, during two weeks in springtime.


Plans

Plans

Two of the three objects have now been opened to the public as part of local forest infrastructure in Soomaa, testing how experimental forest infrastructure could provide for the needs of people living in the area or visiting it. However, one of the structures, the sauna, did not persist the testing, and sunk to the watery depths: an experience described by both the participants and tutors as unforgettable and incredibly useful opportunity to truly comprehend how materials function in different conditions.


© Tõnu Tunnel

© Tõnu Tunnel

The wooden installation is now part of larger network of forest infrastructure organized by the State Forest Management Centre of Estonia, similar to the forest megaphones Ruup, built by students in the forests of South Estonia last year. The Estonian Academy of Arts interior architecture department has been focussing on forest infrastructure for a few years, with all students getting a chance to explore, design and also build in the forests during their studies. 


© Tõnu Tunnel

© Tõnu Tunnel

Diagram

Diagram

© Tõnu Tunnel

© Tõnu Tunnel

Soomaa is a mixture of boglands and meandering rivers that flood over seasonally, mostly in spring, when the water raises several meters higher for weeks. The water flows over flood-plain grasslands and forests and covers fields, forests and roads, disrupting connection with the rest of the world. Locals and visitors use boats to navigate the altered territory, but the students took up the challenge to see what types of floating space they could create, responding to the needs of people in the area.


© Tõnu Tunnel

© Tõnu Tunnel

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Experience LA’s Architecture Through This Spectacular Panoramic Time-Lapse

From the Griffith Observatory to the LAX Airport, LACMA’s Urban Light installation, the Bradbury Building, Walt Disney Concert Hall, The Broad, and more, Los Angeles is full of inspiring architecture. In his new 10K x 4K resolution video, photographer and filmmaker Joe Capra of Scientifantastic captures the beauty of LA through panoramic footage. Over a span of two years, Capra stitched time-lapse footage from two synced DSLR cameras together resulting in a spectacular view of the city. 

Find out more about Capra’s work here, or view his timelapse of Rio de Janeiro here.

News via Joe Capra

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Step Inside Myrtle Hall and Jerome Robbins Theater With Redsquare Productions

Redsquare productions in collaboration with Think! Architecture has just produced new videos on two of the firms projects: the Jerome Robbins Theater and Pratt Institute’s Myrtle Hall. Both videos explore their respective project’s design strategies in addition to featured interviews with the architects. 

Created with “regional, recycled, and low volatile organic compound-emitting materials, Pratt Institute Myrtle Hall is the first institutional building in Brooklyn to be LEED Gold certified. The video provides further information on the environmental standards and the structure’s solutions to them.

The Jerome Robbins Theater was actually converted from a standard concrete box into the stunning space it is today. “Everything sprang from one defining factor: the severe limitations of the pre-existing physical space,” said architect Marty Kapell.

Think! Architecture is a Brooklyn-Based firm founded in 2013 by Martin Kapell.

News via: Redsquare Production 

Myrtle Hall / think!
//cdn.embedly.com/widgets/platform.js

Baryshnikov Arts Center, Jerome Robbins Theater / think!
//cdn.embedly.com/widgets/platform.js

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Light / TAMEN arq


© Alexander Potiomkin

© Alexander Potiomkin


© Alexander Potiomkin


© Alexander Potiomkin


© Alexander Potiomkin


© Alexander Potiomkin

  • Team: Alejandra Vidal Salcido, Andrea Azpe Valenzuela, Ana Karen Novoa Arvizu

© Alexander Potiomkin

© Alexander Potiomkin

From the architect. The project is the restoration of an existing dance club, making the general area the most impressive element of this place. We create a hexagon grid with integrated lighting in each element projecting different sets of lights and environments in sync with the music.


Plan

Plan

The facade is a play on geometric volumes that are more sober than the interior, creating mystery on the elements found within it.


© Alexander Potiomkin

© Alexander Potiomkin

Access is a transition space between the facade and the general area. Multiple panels with organic movement were created to represent a three-dimensional and infinite effect with mirrors at the ends, playing with indirect lighting that has an important role in giving more depth and movement to this space.


Axonometric

Axonometric

The bathroom area also uses lighting as part of the design, creating a space with a starry sky effect and reflections with mirrors and glass mosaics in front of the sinks.


© Alexander Potiomkin

© Alexander Potiomkin

The bar has as its main element a golden lamp with a diameter of 3 meters framing this area. Three-dimensional mosaics are used to continue the concept portrayed on the facade, access and general area. A tapestry with organic lines is also used to create some depth for the space, framing the rear exit with green foliage that contrasts the curved and angular elements of this space.


© Alexander Potiomkin

© Alexander Potiomkin

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Aptum Architecture’s Floating Concrete Act as Mangroves for Shorelines


Courtesy of Aptum Architecture

Courtesy of Aptum Architecture

Mangroves are vital for stabilizing shorelines, but their recent depletion presents impending doom for coastal habitats. 

Aptum Architecture and CEMEX Research Group might have a solution. Their collaborative project, Rhizolith Island (Isla Rhizolith), is a prototype that explores the potential for floating concrete structures to revitalize deteriorating shorelines. The structure was just installed in Cartagena, Columbia as part of the RC 2016 (Reunion del Concreto), an international Expo and Academic Conference on Concrete. 


Courtesy of Aptum Architecture


Courtesy of Aptum Architecture


Courtesy of Aptum Architecture


Courtesy of Aptum Architecture


Courtesy of Aptum Architecture

Courtesy of Aptum Architecture

Due to sedimentary imbalance, rising sea-levels, and flooding, coastal erosion along the Colombian coast has increased its span. Rhizolith Island attempts to emulate the mangroves, which control sediments through their roots, thereby preventing shoreline decay. Essentially comprised of “root-like” concrete components and planted mangroves, the project’s natural and artificial elements create an organic Rhizolith — a root system encased in mineral matter. 


Courtesy of Aptum Architecture

Courtesy of Aptum Architecture

Courtesy of Aptum Architecture

Courtesy of Aptum Architecture

The design is constructed from two separate pieces: a head and a fin made from concrete mixes and casting. Because the head’s concrete mixture is lighter than water, the two elements can float in addition to allowing mangrove roots to grow through the head. In contrast, the fin’s mixture (UHPC: ultra high-performance concrete) is denser and strengthens the foundation, promoting marine life and barnacle growth.


Courtesy of Aptum Architecture

Courtesy of Aptum Architecture

Courtesy of Aptum Architecture

Courtesy of Aptum Architecture

Through the system’s porosity and form, the force of the water is mitigated. For the first phase of the project, the planted mangroves will be protected by encasement tubes to harbor mangrove seedlings. Anchored at the top of the concrete pieces, the mangrove’s roots will eventually be able to spread and even grow onto the shore in the second phase. 


Courtesy of Aptum Architecture

Courtesy of Aptum Architecture

Courtesy of Aptum Architecture

Courtesy of Aptum Architecture

Cienaga de la Virgen Lagoon and Isla Grande are two sites chosen for further development. Their locations offer the same type of long-term restoration (5-10 years), allowing the mangroves to flourish into an organic buffer zones for the coastlines. 


Courtesy of Aptum Architecture

Courtesy of Aptum Architecture

News Via: Aptum Architecture  

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Peter Zumthor’s Bruder Klaus Field Chapel Through the Lens of Aldo Amoretti


© Aldo Amaretti, Courtesy of Atelier Peter Zumthor and Partner

© Aldo Amaretti, Courtesy of Atelier Peter Zumthor and Partner

The Bruder Klaus Field Chapel by Peter Zumthor, completed in 2007, is known for its beautiful respect for the materials which were used to construct the sensuous space. The interior of the chapel is a black cavity left behind by 112 tree trunks burnt out of the cast concrete walls. Twenty-four layers of concrete were poured into a frame surrounding the trunks, stacked in a curved conical form, forming a stark contrast to the comparatively smooth angular façade. After removing the frame, many small holes were left behind in the walls, creating an effect reminiscent of the night sky. The chapel’s “beautiful silence” and undeniable connection to its surrounding landscape make it an evocative and popular destination for many.

In this photo series, architecture photographer Aldo Amoretti captures the dramatic relationship between the Bruder Klaus Field Chapel and its natural environment. Despite its concrete surface and straight edges, the chapel doesn’t stand out as brutal. Instead, the images depict a visual manifestation of Zumthor’s words: architecture with “composure, self-evidence, durability, presence, and integrity, and with warmth and sensuousness as well.”


© Aldo Amaretti, Courtesy of Atelier Peter Zumthor and Partner


© Aldo Amaretti, Courtesy of Atelier Peter Zumthor and Partner


© Aldo Amaretti, Courtesy of Atelier Peter Zumthor and Partner


© Aldo Amaretti, Courtesy of Atelier Peter Zumthor and Partner


© Aldo Amaretti, Courtesy of Atelier Peter Zumthor and Partner

© Aldo Amaretti, Courtesy of Atelier Peter Zumthor and Partner

© Aldo Amaretti, Courtesy of Atelier Peter Zumthor and Partner

© Aldo Amaretti, Courtesy of Atelier Peter Zumthor and Partner

© Aldo Amaretti, Courtesy of Atelier Peter Zumthor and Partner

© Aldo Amaretti, Courtesy of Atelier Peter Zumthor and Partner

© Aldo Amaretti, Courtesy of Atelier Peter Zumthor and Partner

© Aldo Amaretti, Courtesy of Atelier Peter Zumthor and Partner

© Aldo Amaretti, Courtesy of Atelier Peter Zumthor and Partner

© Aldo Amaretti, Courtesy of Atelier Peter Zumthor and Partner

© Aldo Amaretti, Courtesy of Atelier Peter Zumthor and Partner

© Aldo Amaretti, Courtesy of Atelier Peter Zumthor and Partner

© Aldo Amaretti, Courtesy of Atelier Peter Zumthor and Partner

© Aldo Amaretti, Courtesy of Atelier Peter Zumthor and Partner

© Aldo Amaretti, Courtesy of Atelier Peter Zumthor and Partner

© Aldo Amaretti, Courtesy of Atelier Peter Zumthor and Partner

© Aldo Amaretti, Courtesy of Atelier Peter Zumthor and Partner

© Aldo Amaretti, Courtesy of Atelier Peter Zumthor and Partner

© Aldo Amaretti, Courtesy of Atelier Peter Zumthor and Partner

© Aldo Amaretti, Courtesy of Atelier Peter Zumthor and Partner

© Aldo Amaretti, Courtesy of Atelier Peter Zumthor and Partner

© Aldo Amaretti, Courtesy of Atelier Peter Zumthor and Partner

Bruder Klaus Field Chapel / Peter Zumthor//cdn.embedly.com/widgets/platform.js

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M-Apartments / PXParchitecture & Partners + David Garda Taller de Arquitectura


© Marko Bradic

© Marko Bradic


© Marko Bradic


© Marko Bradic


© Marko Bradic


© Marko Bradic


© Marko Bradic

© Marko Bradic

From the architect. Consists of a five-story apartment building that takes advantage of the topographic condition of a steep slope, while promoting an exceptional panoramic view of the city framed by the surrounding mountains. From the access road, the view is limited to two floors hence it manages to minimize the visual impact, placing the building harmoniously in a residential environment dominated by the presence of single-family homes.


© Marko Bradic

© Marko Bradic

The small plaza parking is complemented by a mezzanine parking for visitors with a direct access from the street. The elevator is contained in a glass column to enhance the open and transparent character of M-Apartments. The front steps are immediately visible from the entrance and the sunscreen made of natural wood offers a warm integration with the environment where conifers predominate. The main entry is enhanced by a set of counter-posed vertices showing steel and wood at moments, showing masonry in others depending the angle.


© Marko Bradic

© Marko Bradic

Section

Section

© Marko Bradic

© Marko Bradic

The tower is 5 stories high (3 under street level), while the building center line sits below the square parking, thus leaving the service sector comfortably as a separate tower.


© Marko Bradic

© Marko Bradic

Plan 1

Plan 1

© Marko Bradic

© Marko Bradic

M-Apartments consists of 5 apartments, one per floor, generating a “floating” condition on the site and thus enhancing a sense of freedom that is achieved at the level of architectural expression through the access of light and natural ventilation.


Model

Model

To respect the privacy of the neighbors, window visors were used to re-direct the view inwards onto the south-west side walls while generating maximum aperture towards the valley on the north-west.


© Marko Bradic

© Marko Bradic

The housing solution consists of open, high-rise spaces largely as a result of opting for steel structure in order to allow a much distributive flexibility while maximizing the useful surface.

Construction finished in 2014 with a covered area of ​​approximately 1,500 sqm.

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MESURA office / MESURA


© Salva López

© Salva López


© Salva López


© Salva López


© Salva López


© Salva López

  • Architects: MESURA
  • Location: Barcelona, Spain
  • Architect In Charge: Marcos Parera
  • Project Year: 2016
  • Photographs: Salva López
  • Contractor: Fonfas

© Salva López

© Salva López

A couple, a traditional house in the Empordà and one dream.

Houses should evolve along with its users.

Ana María and Manuel made the decision of spending as much time as possible in their summerhouse in Sant Mori, a rural village located between Figueres and Girona. Among forests and fields, this particular place offers their inhabitants the typical landscape of the Empordà. 


© Salva López

© Salva López

The objective was to recuperate the views lost in the small enlargement project and the old swimming pool area, taking profit of the stepped zone in the land slope. We had the opportunity to revitalize the noblest part of the area, and to give this place a different way of living with new exterior and interior limits and comfort parameters for this new period.


© Salva López

© Salva López

The house had been designed to be used and enjoyed by one family during summer months and holidays. Up to now it was too big and impractical to live in during the whole year.

MESURA’s proposal was to adapt the floor with access to the garden and restore an old and forgotten kitchen (as there was a bigger kitchen integrated in the noble floor), with the idea to transform it in the new heart of the building.


© Salva López

© Salva López

NEW SPACE – SAME IDENTITY

Can Blasco-Nicolau, located in the historic old quarter of the medieval village of Sant Mori, had a large kitchen/dining room/living room area on the ground floor, which was used in the holiday period. Nevertheless, the existence of an old kitchen in this floor was the perfect opportunity in order to provide a more efficient use of this area and a new life to the building, in particular during cold winter months.


© Salva López

© Salva López

The Project planned a complete rehabilitation of the kitchen with a total opening to the contiguous terrace and an additional covered opened area which was going to be used as daily dining room and small living room.

The already special qualities of the building with its enormous personality have been maintained and strengthened. We could say that the new reform does not compete but improves its original identity. 


Floor Plan

Floor Plan

In our first visit we discovered that the kitchen was closed to the exterior area (except for a small window) and covered by an excellent Catalan vault that rested on walls. Therefore, it was clear the need to open the kitchen with a new expansion that profited the vault and linked both rooms maintaining the typical structure of the house.

Some years ago, in 1999, a small porch had been built. It had an unidirectional structure along the façade and it had been one of the most lived areas by the client in the hottest summer afternoons. This fact was relevant to us. It was important to strengthen this small area in order to build a new dining/living room interconnected with the porch and at the same time homogeneous to the garden.


© Salva López

© Salva López

From a structural and economic point of view, as well as from the environmental and visual impact (it is a protected house according to POUM in 2009, documented by the architect Amador Ferrer), this small intervention was an excellent solution because it didn’t incur in added volume but only redrew and completed its own irregular and fractured facade.


Section

Section

Following the line of the facade would let us profit an old pilaster (although its height was insufficient, 1,40m) and save on foundations considering the problems with the existing basement floor. In this way it was possible to build a roof without the need to place a pillar in a unidirectional structure (formed by one HEB-200), supported on the existing pilaster, and built with a concrete die to reach the minimum required height.


© Salva López

© Salva López

This unidirectionality allowed us to reach a total flexibility in the roof nogging, with two differentiated levels: the first one at 2,20 m in order to reduce the access area and to find a more humane dimension for the dining room. The second one sought the maximum spatial spaciousness (3,5m) to have a skylight (luthern) and contact with the exterior.

Consequently, the project was formalized thanks to its own structural response and therefore to the esthetical result.


© Salva López

© Salva López

Blasco-Nicolau Project is an effort to reduce to a minimum the strictly functional and structural aspects, with the objective to reach maximum spatial quality. The use of indoor areas with generous dimensions and opened to the landscape has let us improve its relationship with the environment and also experience a different relationship with Sant Mori’s natural surroundings.

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Nikki Beach Torba / Gokhan Avcioglu


© Daniel Schäfer

© Daniel Schäfer


© Daniel Schäfer


© Daniel Schäfer


© Daniel Schäfer


© Daniel Schäfer

  • Project Team: Semih Acar, Teoman Basaran, Kerem Demircan, Gülden Acar, Gizem Kiroglu , Aysu Aysoy, Karun Tugay Candir, Begum Evirgen, Asli Genc, Yildiz Gergün, Efe Ilgen, Tahsin Inanici, , Müge Tan, Mert Turkozu, Senay Undemir, Hasan Yaren, Bilgen Dinç, Derya Arpac
  • Producer: Walter Fischer
  • Client: Adilbey Holding

© Daniel Schäfer

© Daniel Schäfer

From the architect. Bodrum is one of the most popular holiday destinations in Turkey. Nikki Beach Resort is located in Torba on a private peninsula surrounded by crystal clear waters and nature. Torba is a small sea-side village covered by olive groves and pine forests.  Despite its close proximity to Bodrum and growth in popularity and amenity, Torba has retained a relaxed, rural ambience.  It is a unique location which can fulfill the visitor’s needs via physical comfort and mental pleasure. Despite the density of Bodrum city, the green belt surrounding Bodrum remains untouched. The site and surrounding area was studied in regards to the physical characteristic and sociological factors. The hotel units were designed in a fragmented organization creating more flexibility than if they were integrated into the site as a monolithic mass much like the architecture of the locality. Cross ventilation is established through landscaping between the units. Blurring the boundaries between the interior, exterior and recreational areas is the main source of the context inspiration. Despite this fragmentation, there is continuity in hypetated between the lines of the hotel blocks. 


Site Plan

Site Plan

Gökhan Avcıoğlu & GAD designed the facilities based on the Mediterranean lifestyle. The necessity of privacy and the enjoyment of the location are perfectly balanced.  The designers were inspired by the concept of a water drop a high energy center and circular rings radiating outwards. The scale of the resort is very much in keeping with the historical context of Bodrum.  The buildings are a maximum of 2 levels, and are finished in the recognizable white color specific to the region. Sleek and contemporary architectural forms are a key attribute, announcing the high level of luxury of the resort. Timber screens are also introduced to offer both climatic respite, and to create a unique visual feature. A series of buildings built on tiers cascade down to the water front. Inbetween the terraces, lush gardens with a variety of plants and trees can be found. The programmatic requirements create a cell like structure with a nucleus at the center.  The qualities in the Forum and Agora are also incorporated into the design where several programs are integrated together to provide a network of public and private areas. 


© Daniel Schäfer

© Daniel Schäfer

Among the hotel’s remarkable facilities, the guests will have access to a rare sandy beach, a truly unique feature in a part of Bodrum that is rocky, an exclusive deck that provides dinghy services to accommodate yachters. In line with all Nikki Beach properties around the world, the Beach Club at Nikki Beach Resorts & Spa Bodrum encompasess high energy and unique entertainment that the brand is known for and where guests will be able to enjoy a day at the beach in true Nikki Beach style. Nikki Prive, an ultra-VIP lounge prolongs this oneofakind experience by night and set a new benchmark for Bodrum’s vibrant nightlife scene.


© Daniel Schäfer

© Daniel Schäfer

Locally quarried natural stone, sustainably sourced timber and water are the main materials within the interior design scheme.  These materials not only offer a timeless quality, but, since they are sourced locally, they pour in thousands of years of history of Bodrum.  The local quarries use the same stone found in all the local ancient ruins including the Tomb of Mausolos at Halicarnassus, one of the seven wonders of the ancient world.


© Daniel Schäfer

© Daniel Schäfer

B Tipe Villas

B Tipe Villas

© Daniel Schäfer

© Daniel Schäfer

Each villa maximizes sea views whilst respecting and utilizing the existing site topography.  They are designed to allow a range of guest configurations, from a group of friends, a family, or the individual guest, whilst retaining perfect privacy and separation.  Each ground floor room contains a plunge pool, private terrace and garden that the users can relish.


© Daniel Schäfer

© Daniel Schäfer

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Villa No. 02 / ShaarOffice


© Parham Taghioff

© Parham Taghioff


© Parham Taghioff


© Parham Taghioff


© Parham Taghioff


© Parham Taghioff

  • Design Associate: Maryam Nazemolboka, Mohamad Ghodrat
  • Construction Associate: Reza Fathi, Reza Ghodsimanesh, Afshin Zare
  • 3 D Modeling: Parisa Panahi
  • Graphic: Parichehr Dehbozorgian, Nastaran Jenabali
  • Topographer: Mehdi Sobhani
  • Structure: Ali Radman

© Parham Taghioff

© Parham Taghioff

Designing of a 2000 m2 Villa is one of the project which was firstly offered and finally implemented by our architecture studio in 2014. The villa is located in SadraCity (near Shiraz). The client had two adjacent 1000 m2 lands and wanted to construct a small villa by limited budget for his leisure time at weekends. 


© Parham Taghioff

© Parham Taghioff

After sightseeing, strengths and weaknesses of the region drew our attention. Locating on the hillside and having an overview of villas and gardens are the main features of the site. In contrast, the steep slope in both longitudinal and transect directions was controversial issue which should have been considered. Also, to hinder the sightseeing from adjacent mountain a solution should have been taken to account.


Plan

Plan

Despite urban legislation to construct two stories villa (since building’s height directly connected to the climbers sightseeing); after a long negotiation with municipality, we decided to design the villa in two separated masses for private and public zone in a same floor, to solve transverse slope of the region’s topography. Furthermore, assessment of mountainous public spaces, resulted in locating the masses in a way that outdoor spaces have the least view to the public spaces of the mountain. Finally, those two masses were located on the floor based on the topography slope. After stabilizing of the main volumes and approximated preliminary plan formation, the exterior faces of the building were assessed. To get widest view of plain in one shot, the public part of the building rotated to some extent. Also, due to the spectacular view to the mountain, several windows located at the back side of the building.


© Parham Taghioff

© Parham Taghioff

The inseparable part of the designing during the whole designing procedure was to use large windows to provide the building with the most of daylight during the day time and having a wide view to the plain.


© Parham Taghioff

© Parham Taghioff

In landscaping, designing has been conducted based on the minimum amount of excavation and embankment. Also, minimum damage to the natural features of landscape has been considered by following topographical lines.

Moreover, using abandoned stones from constructional activities of municipality in constructing the façade of the villa, helped to create organic nature and make it more economical. 


© Parham Taghioff

© Parham Taghioff

The white of the villa allows it to stick out as a man-made object on the landscape during the changing colours of the season.

Based on the consultant civil engineer opinion, concrete structure was considered for the building.


© Parham Taghioff

© Parham Taghioff

According to the mild climate of the region, it is heated by radiators, packages and fireplace and is cooled by evaporative coolers.

Finally, the construction of the project was started in February 2015 and it was completed in March 2016.

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